Kenya ePrescription FHIR Implementation Guide
0.1.0 - ci-build KE

Kenya ePrescription FHIR Implementation Guide - Local Development build (v0.1.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

Resource Profile: Kenya eRx Provenance

Official URL: https://nshr-uat.sha.go.ke/fhir/StructureDefinition/ke-provenance Version: 0.1.0
Draft as of 2026-05-18 Computable Name: KEProvenance

Copyright/Legal: Copyright 2025+ Digital Health Agency, Kenya. This content is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0). Terminology content from the Kenya Pharmacy and Poisons Board (PPB) via Open Concept Lab (OCL) is subject to separate terms.

Profile on Provenance for the Kenya eRx Implementation Guide. Captures who created or modified a prescription, dispense, or administration record, when it occurred, and which system was involved.

Usages:

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... meta SΣ 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... profile SΣ 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... occurred[x] S 0..1 When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
.... occurredPeriod Period
.... occurredDateTime dateTime
... recorded SΣ 1..1 instant When this provenance record was created
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
Binding: PurposeOfUse (extensible): The reason the activity took place.
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type SΣ 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... who SΣ 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... role SΣ 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
Binding: ProvenanceEntityRole (required): How an entity was used in an activity.
.... what SΣ 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.reason Base extensible PurposeOfUse 📦3.1.0 THO v7.1
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.entity.role Base required ProvenanceEntityRole 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Provenance A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()

This structure is derived from Provenance

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... meta S 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... profile S 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
... target S 1..* Reference(MedicationRequest | MedicationDispense | MedicationAdministration | MedicationStatement) The prescription, dispense, or administration record this provenance describes
... occurred[x] S 0..1 Period, dateTime When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... type S 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... who S 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... role S 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
.... what S 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta SΣ 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... versionId Σ 0..1 id Version specific identifier
.... lastUpdated Σ 0..1 instant When the resource version last changed
.... source Σ 0..1 uri Identifies where the resource comes from
.... profile SΣ 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
.... security Σ 0..* Coding Security Labels applied to this resource
Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
.... tag Σ 0..* Coding Tags applied to this resource
Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... target SΣ 1..* Reference(MedicationRequest | MedicationDispense | MedicationAdministration | MedicationStatement) The prescription, dispense, or administration record this provenance describes
... occurred[x] S 0..1 When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
.... occurredPeriod Period
.... occurredDateTime dateTime
... recorded SΣ 1..1 instant When this provenance record was created
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
Binding: PurposeOfUse (extensible): The reason the activity took place.
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type SΣ 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... role 0..* CodeableConcept What the agents role was
Binding: SecurityRoleType (example): The role that a provenance agent played with respect to the activity.
.... who SΣ 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... role SΣ 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
Binding: ProvenanceEntityRole (required): How an entity was used in an activity.
.... what SΣ 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source
.... agent 0..* See agent (Provenance) Entity is attributed to this agent
... signature 0..* Signature Signature on target

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.meta.security Base extensible SecurityLabels 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.meta.tag Base example Common Tags 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.language Base preferred Common Languages 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.reason Base extensible PurposeOfUse 📦3.1.0 THO v7.1
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.role Base example SecurityRoleType 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.entity.role Base required ProvenanceEntityRole 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Provenance A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()

This structure is derived from Provenance

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements
Must-Support: 16 elements

Key Elements View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... meta SΣ 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... profile SΣ 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... occurred[x] S 0..1 When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
.... occurredPeriod Period
.... occurredDateTime dateTime
... recorded SΣ 1..1 instant When this provenance record was created
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
Binding: PurposeOfUse (extensible): The reason the activity took place.
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type SΣ 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... who SΣ 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... role SΣ 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
Binding: ProvenanceEntityRole (required): How an entity was used in an activity.
.... what SΣ 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.reason Base extensible PurposeOfUse 📦3.1.0 THO v7.1
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.entity.role Base required ProvenanceEntityRole 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Provenance A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()

Differential View

This structure is derived from Provenance

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... meta S 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... profile S 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
... target S 1..* Reference(MedicationRequest | MedicationDispense | MedicationAdministration | MedicationStatement) The prescription, dispense, or administration record this provenance describes
... occurred[x] S 0..1 Period, dateTime When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... type S 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... who S 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... role S 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
.... what S 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Snapshot View

NameFlagsCard.TypeDescription & Constraints    Filter: Filtersdoco
.. Provenance 0..* Provenance Who, What, When for a set of resources
... id Σ 0..1 id Logical id of this artifact
... meta SΣ 1..1 Meta Metadata about the resource
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
.... versionId Σ 0..1 id Version specific identifier
.... lastUpdated Σ 0..1 instant When the resource version last changed
.... source Σ 0..1 uri Identifies where the resource comes from
.... profile SΣ 1..* canonical(StructureDefinition) Profiles this resource claims to conform to.
.... security Σ 0..* Coding Security Labels applied to this resource
Binding: All Security Labels (extensible): Security Labels from the Healthcare Privacy and Security Classification System.
.... tag Σ 0..* Coding Tags applied to this resource
Binding: CommonTags (example): Codes that represent various types of tags, commonly workflow-related; e.g. "Needs review by Dr. Jones".
... implicitRules ?!Σ 0..1 uri A set of rules under which this content was created
... text 0..1 Narrative Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation
This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
... contained 0..* Resource Contained, inline Resources
... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
... modifierExtension ?! 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored
... target SΣ 1..* Reference(MedicationRequest | MedicationDispense | MedicationAdministration | MedicationStatement) The prescription, dispense, or administration record this provenance describes
... occurred[x] S 0..1 When the activity occurred (period or dateTime)
.... occurredPeriod Period
.... occurredDateTime dateTime
... recorded SΣ 1..1 instant When this provenance record was created
... policy S 0..* uri Policy or rules that govern the activity
... location S 0..1 Reference(Location) Where the activity was performed
... reason S 0..* CodeableConcept Reason the activity was performed (e.g. new prescription, amendment)
Binding: PurposeOfUse (extensible): The reason the activity took place.
... activity S 1..1 CodeableConcept Type of data operation: CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE, READ, APPEND
Binding: v3 Code System DataOperation (required)
... agent S 1..* BackboneElement At least one actor (prescriber, pharmacist, or system) must be identified
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... type SΣ 0..1 CodeableConcept Role of this agent (author, verifier, enterer)
Binding: ProvenanceParticipantType (required)
.... role 0..* CodeableConcept What the agents role was
Binding: SecurityRoleType (example): The role that a provenance agent played with respect to the activity.
.... who SΣ 1..1 Reference(Practitioner | PractitionerRole | Organization | Patient) Person or organisation responsible for the activity
.... onBehalfOf S 0..1 Reference(Organization) Organisation on whose behalf the agent acted
... entity S 0..* BackboneElement Previous version or source document for this activity
.... id 0..1 string Unique id for inter-element referencing
.... extension 0..* Extension Additional content defined by implementations
.... modifierExtension ?!Σ 0..* Extension Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
.... role SΣ 1..1 code derivation | revision | quotation | source | removal
Binding: ProvenanceEntityRole (required): How an entity was used in an activity.
.... what SΣ 1..1 Reference(Resource) Reference to the prior resource version or source
.... agent 0..* See agent (Provenance) Entity is attributed to this agent
... signature 0..* Signature Signature on target

doco Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path Status Usage ValueSet Version Source
Provenance.meta.security Base extensible SecurityLabels 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.meta.tag Base example Common Tags 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.language Base preferred Common Languages 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.reason Base extensible PurposeOfUse 📦3.1.0 THO v7.1
Provenance.activity Base required v3 Code System DataOperation 📦2018-08-12 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.type Base required Provenance participant type 📦4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.agent.role Base example SecurityRoleType 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.
Provenance.entity.role Base required ProvenanceEntityRole 📍4.0.1 FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id Grade Path(s) Description Expression
dom-2 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources contained.contained.empty()
dom-3 error Provenance If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5 error Provenance If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6 best practice Provenance A resource should have narrative for robust management text.`div`.exists()
ele-1 error **ALL** elements All FHIR elements must have a @value or children hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1 error **ALL** extensions Must have either extensions or value[x], not both extension.exists() != value.exists()

This structure is derived from Provenance

Summary

Mandatory: 3 elements
Must-Support: 16 elements

 

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron